As GLP-1 medications become increasingly common, researchers and healthcare professionals continue to examine the range of effects people may experience while taking them.
These medications, which include semaglutide and tirzepatide, have been associated with several changes during treatment, including gastrointestinal symptoms and hair shedding. Now, new research presented at the 2026 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Congress has identified a potential connection involving another part of the body: the nails.
The study examined health information from 575 people in the U.S., France, Brazil and Mexico who used GLP-1 receptor agonists and compared them with 1,329 people with Type 2 diabetes or obesity who had not used the medications.
Researchers found that 66% of GLP-1 users reported at least one nail related condition, compared with a smaller percentage among those in the comparison group. Nail separation and discoloration were among the changes reported most frequently.
The findings show an association, however, and do not establish that GLP-1 medications directly cause these nail changes.
Nail separation was among the reported changes
One of the most notable findings involved onycholysis, the medical term for when a nail separates from the underlying nail bed.
According to the study, the condition was reported in 39% of GLP-1 users compared with 9% of participants who were not taking the medications. Nail discoloration was also more frequently reported among GLP-1 users, affecting 46% compared with 17% of the comparison group.
Researchers emphasized that the results should be interpreted carefully. The study identifies a relationship between use and the reported nail conditions, but additional research is needed to determine why the connection exists and whether the medications themselves play a direct role.
Nutrition may play an important role
One possible explanation involves the nutritional changes that can accompany GLP-1 treatment.
Because these medications can reduce appetite, some people may consume fewer calories and have difficulty getting enough protein and other nutrients. Protein, iron and several B vitamins are important for healthy nail growth, according to medical experts cited in the original report.
The connection may also overlap with changes that can occur during significant weight loss. Nail and hair are both primarily composed of keratin, and the body’s nutritional priorities can shift when food intake decreases.
Doctors who treat patients taking GLP-1 medications have observed nail changes in some people undergoing substantial weight loss as well. However, the new research suggests the frequency of the nail findings may not be explained entirely by the amount of weight a person loses.
That distinction is one reason researchers say additional investigation is necessary.
Nail changes can have other causes
A change in the appearance or condition of a nail doesn’t automatically mean a medication is responsible.
Nail separation can occur for several reasons, including certain medications and underlying medical conditions. Thyroid problems, for example, can affect nail health, while some medications have also been associated with changes in the nail bed.
Because of these possibilities, healthcare professionals recommend having persistent or significant nail separation evaluated rather than assuming it is connected to GLP-1 treatment.
A dermatologist can examine the nail and determine whether there are signs of infection, inflammation or another underlying issue.
Treatment depends on the nail condition
Nail separation can create practical problems because a loose nail may catch on clothing or other objects, potentially causing additional discomfort or injury.
Treatment varies depending on how much of the nail has separated and what caused the change. A dermatologist may trim the affected portion or recommend removing a detached section when necessary.
In some cases, healthcare professionals may recommend treatments intended to support stronger nail growth. Nutritional supplements may also be considered when a deficiency is identified or when a healthcare professional believes supplementation is appropriate.
The important point is that treatment should be tailored to the individual rather than assuming every nail change has the same cause.
Nutrition can help support nail health
For people taking GLP-1 medications, maintaining adequate nutrition is an important part of overall care.
Medical professionals recommend prioritizing sufficient protein and a broad range of nutrients while following any dietary guidance provided by the prescribing healthcare team. Nutrients including iron, zinc and several vitamins contribute to normal hair and nail formation.
Foods such as eggs, salmon, almonds and sunflower seeds can provide nutrients associated with healthy hair and nails. Supplements may also be appropriate for some people, but they should be discussed with a healthcare professional, particularly when someone is already taking other medications or supplements.
Anyone using a GLP-1 medication who notices a significant or persistent change in their nails should bring it up during a medical appointment. A healthcare professional can determine whether testing or further evaluation is appropriate and help identify the underlying reason for the change.
For now, researchers say the relationship between GLP-1 medications and nail health warrants further study. The findings offer a new area for researchers and clinicians to examine as these medications become more widely used.
