When parents sit down to worry about teenage substance use and most do the usual suspects tend to dominate the conversation: vaping, alcohol, marijuana. But a new study is drawing attention to a category of misuse that rarely makes it into those discussions, and that is the deliberate inhalation of chemical vapors, commonly known as huffing.

The study, published draws on nationally representative data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health covering 2021 to 2023. Its findings paint a picture that is neither alarming in scale nor reassuring enough to ignore. Roughly 2.2% of adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 reported using inhalants in the past year. For comparison, about 5.9% of teens reported vaping during the same period.

Researchers are clear that a lower prevalence rate does not mean a lower level of concern. Even at these numbers, inhalant misuse represents a consistent and measurable pattern of substance use among American teens one that has continued to show up in national data year after year.

Younger teens are at the center of the problem

One of the more striking findings in the research is who is most likely to be involved. Unlike alcohol or marijuana use, which tends to increase as teenagers get older, inhalant misuse skews younger. Adolescents on the earlier end of the 12-to-17 age range are more likely to report using inhalants than their older peers.

Researchers suggest this points to inhalants playing a role in early stage experimentation the kind that happens when young people are first testing boundaries, navigating peer pressure and beginning to take risks before they fully understand the consequences. That developmental window, marked by rapid cognitive and social change, makes younger adolescents particularly vulnerable.

Part of what makes inhalants distinct from other substances is accessibility. While the study does not focus on specific products, other research has identified household items aerosol cans, paint thinner and glue, among them as common sources. These are not items that require a fake ID or a back channel purchase. In many cases, they are already sitting in a family’s garage or under the kitchen sink.

What the signs look like and why the risks are serious

The study also examined inhalant use disorder, a more serious classification in which repeated use is accompanied by measurable impairment or distress. While only a small fraction of the adolescents studied met this threshold, researchers identified a meaningful subset of teens who were using inhalants with some regularity, and a smaller group still who had developed more entrenched patterns.

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, parents and caregivers watching for warning signs should be aware of chemical odors on a teen’s breath or clothing, paint or solvent stains on the face or hands, hidden or empty aerosol cans, a dazed or disoriented appearance, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting and loss of coordination.

The health consequences of sustained inhalant use go well beyond a brief high. The National Institute on Drug Abuse links inhalant misuse to mental health disorders, lasting brain damage and cardiac stress serious enough to be fatal even in cases of first-time use.

What this means for parents

This study is not sounding the alarm on a crisis. Inhalant misuse among teens remains relatively uncommon when measured against broader substance use trends. But uncommon is not the same as gone. The data makes clear that huffing continues to occur, that it tends to begin at younger ages than many parents might expect and that it exists within the same landscape of adolescent risk taking that shapes so many other health outcomes.

For families, the takeaway is straightforward: awareness matters, and conversations about inhalants deserve a place alongside the ones already happening about vaping and alcohol.